Health Insurance - 1677 Words

President Obama s plan to insure healthcare for all marks a positive step for the well – being of our country s citizens. Still, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) also known as ObamaCare has been one of the most controversial topics of our time. In order to understand why this is such a controversial topic we must understand exactly what this act means to the people. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) states that with limited exceptions, every resident of the United States must have health insurance that must meets certain basic requirements. Beginning in 2014, individuals who do not acquire health insurance will be subject to a fine. This fine will rise over time, reaching $895 per person or 2.5†¦show more content†¦They all have to abide by the federal government s requirement of covering 100 percent of the cost for all medically necessary visits and procedures. Residents still pay for this indirectly through the taxes they p ay to the provincial and federal government. But unlike the United States, doctors and hospitals are required to accept the fees that are set by the government. Japan has a universal health insurance system. They require all of the residents of the country to either (a) enroll in one of the many non – profit health insurance societies that are organized by industry or profession, or (b) enroll in the health insurance program provided by the national government. The funds for the system come from the premiums paid by the employees and firms as well as a payroll tax similar to the tax that funds the Medicare program in the United States. Unlike the others system this one is highly costly for the residents; they are charged a co -payment which can be as much as 30 percent of the bill. The Japanese system does not cover preventative health care or any pregnancy related visits. Similar to the United States system doctors are not government employees and most hospitals are privatel y owned. In the United Kingdom the government, through National Health Services (NHS), owns nearly all hospitals and directly employs almost all doctors. Because thereShow MoreRelatedHealth Insurance3969 Words   |  16 PagesINSURANCE LAW PROJECT | HEALTH INSURANCE AND REGULATORY ISSUES UNDER IRDA ACT 1999 | Rudresh Pratap Singh Roll No. 49 Semester V RMLNLU | Contents INTRODUCTION 4 The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority 5 Regulatory issues in the health insurance business 5 It should be the duty of the regulator (IRDA) to ensure that the new entrant in the health insurance sector: 5 II. Regulations Pertaining To ConsumerRead MoreAn Introduction To Private Health Insurance1555 Words   |  7 PagesINTRO Private health Insurance is a $1.42 billion (before tax) industry in Australia (Seah, 2012) and has played a prominent role in the country’s health system for over 60 years. As of 2009, 51per cent of the Australian population was covered by some form of private health insurance. Private health insurance is a regulated industry; this means it is controlled by government legislation under the Private Health Insurance Act (2007). Private health insurers are required to register under this ActRead MoreHealth Insurance Exchanges ( Hix )2244 Words   |  9 Pages HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGES Health insurance exchanges (HIX) are the marketplaces which are established based on the Affordable Care Act provides customers at an individual level or to small businesses, health insurance which they can compare and purchase from private insurance companies. Individuals can make use of the state level exchange depending on one’s state residence or can purchase insurance from a federally facilitated exchange which is accessible at Healthcare.gov websiteRead MoreA Brief Note On Health Insurance And Insurance Essay1957 Words   |  8 Pages While on the topic of insurance, I will also need to start putting diverting some of my income to cover health insurance, possibly disability insurance and even life insurance. I currently have an HMO plan through Blue Cross Blue Shield of TX and the rates are astronomical. Health insurance is one of the key factors I am using as I am looking for long-term employment. Since I am a student, there are not many individual insurance policies a vailable so I am forced to pay extremely steep monthly ratesRead MoreHealth Insurance And Social Insurance1375 Words   |  6 Pages Health Insurance One of the important insurance that a person should do is health insurance. Medical expenses are so much higher that every person cannot afford when they were suffering from major illness or an accident. Health insurance is a method or a way to pay medical expense in exchange for premiums. Simply health insurance is a contract between the insurance company and an individual or their sponsor. These insurances can be monthly, annually, or lifelongRead MoreEssay on Health Insurance Plans707 Words   |  3 PagesHealth Insurance Plans Premium Insurance is important to everyone in the country. Health insurance covers the certain amount of money to the insured person upon a certain event such as hospitalization and surgery. Commonly health insurance premium buying choices cover a simple resolution in purchasing the private health insurance. The premium is the amount that needs to be satisfied by either the households or the authority to become underwrite. While of career the payment should be affordableRead MoreMedical Insurance And Health Insurance1345 Words   |  6 PagesMedical Insurance is a highly debated topic throughout the United States. The cost of health care in the United States is on the raise and individuals are having harder times paying for their medical insurance. Companies who provide medical or health insurance as a benefit for their employees are becoming more and more popular. Employees need to know what is the benefit of having employment based medical insurance, when and if they are eligible, and they need to understand their plans in order toRead MoreThe Legacy Of Health Insurance1146 Words   |  5 Pagessaid, the history of health insurance has flourished throughout the centuries. With health insurance being one of the most needed household items, in the 1920s, the situation was somewhat a different story. In 1919, there was a study directed in Illinois to show that the wages that were lost from the individuals being out sick were actually four times larger than the incidentals linked with curing the illness. As the world was moving forward so was the need for health insurance. In the 1929, a groupRead MoreThe Cost Of Health Insurance1522 Words   |  7 PagesHealth care expenses are a never ending headache that create numerous liabilities. Liabilities are created when goods or services are purchased on credit and obtained through short- term and long- term loans. Health care expenses create liabilities such that payments are made late or no payments are made at all. In some cases, the cost of health care expenses are unaffordable resulting in those type of payments. To prevent large health care debt, many individuals seek health insurance. Health insuranceRead MoreProblems With The Health Insurance1489 Words   |  6 Pagessocial problem is to them. Just like with time, social problems will change, some will come and some will go. So, for right now in time one of the biggest social problems I can see in America is the healthcare. There are many problems with the health insurance in America. According to our books in America some of the biggest problems are: Medicare, Medicaid, Military Healthcare, Workers’ Compensation, Complemtary, and Alternative Medicine. The book states that there are a few strategies for action

Personal Statement The Religious Experience - 986 Words

Personal Statement The religious experience is one of the most hotly debated topics in the study of religion. What entails a religious experience? For me, the most refreshing thing about religious events is that they tend to be sporadic and individually unique, stretching from the oddly mundane to the inimitable. The sensation is different. The location is different. The state of mind is different. However, this encounter with the sacred is mentally piercing in the most fascinating, diverse ways. I can be randomly walking around school campus in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and suddenly become engrossed in all the vivid colors of the plants and conscious of the intricate details of being alive. I can be sitting among a huge crowd outside the king’s palace in Fez, Morocco, and unexpectedly become aware of the individual currents of blood flowing through my veins as I become entranced by the Whirling Dervishes. I can be standing on a beach in Gulf Shores, Alabama, staring aimlessly into the oc ean, and experiencing an intense sense of longing and painful separation caused by leaving a country and people I had come to adore and love. I could be choked up in a spurt of laughter caused by a practical stranger while gazing at a 2000 year old monastery on top of a mountain in Petra, Jordan. All of these sacred experiences, fusions of good timing, emotion, and sacred space, are forever ingrained in my memory and heart. The happiness, the pain, the joy, the inability toShow MoreRelatedThe Shack By William P. Young1619 Words   |  7 Pagespositive by many personal readers but negative by conservative Christian readers. To begin with, one has to recognize these two sets of readers bring completely different backgrounds to their readings of this novel. Of course, the conservative Christian readers bring their theological education and experiences to their reading. For this reason, they might be considered to approach the reading of the novel from a distinctly biased background. Their knowledge and experience is focused on traditionalRead MoreThe Reason For God : Christian Values And Biblical Faith Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesit is easy for one religious group to stereotype and caricature other ones (Pg.4).† Keller offers several signification suggestions about how Christians can give insight about their faith and defend the reasons for their belief giving a clearer picture to nonbelievers or believers of other religions. This leads to Tim Keller’s introduction of his book a Reason For God, where he challenges the believer, â€Å"†¦to ask the hard questions about why they believe†¦ (p. Xvi).† This statement led me to investigatingRead MoreAnalysis Of William James829 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophers of his time. In one sentence, he was able to form the basis that any philosophy or belief could be true. He is able to do this while also not expressing his beliefs or downplaying others. To support his idea throughout the book, he gives more statements showing how every belief can coexist. He also states later on, â€Å"The â€Å"scientific proof† that you are right may not be clear before the day of judgement is reached.† This quote also shows how he may believe in his own philosophy, but states that youRead MoreReligious Experience Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesReligious Experience There are various interpretations of the definite meaning of a religious experience, where each are unique and different. There have been many, many stores put forward by certain individuals who have claimed to have such an experience. Various people have studied them, and have come to the conclusion that in most cases, very similar subjects are brought up in them. Some say that a religious experience involves having some sort of contactRead MorePhilippe Petit, An Egocentric Asshole881 Words   |  4 Pagesidentifies and classifies different ways of being a self; these three groups are ethical, religious, and aesthetic. My argument is that in this situation, being an aesthete negated the significance of Petit’s â€Å"achievement.† The ethical self is one that puts his or her personal value in his or her family, career. friends, and/or culture. As made clear in the documentary made about Petit’s life, The Walk, his personal value is not placed in anyone besides himself. Petit’s closest friends devoted copiousRead MoreDifference Between Personal Knowledge And Knowledge1484 Words   |  6 Pagesmust be able to distinguish the difference between personal knowledge and shared knowledge. The interaction between these invites me to reflect on the meaning of a specific shared knowledge claim in relation to the individual. In assessing how ways of knowing operate differently in shared and personal knowledge, the knowledge question arises: In considering an individual’s cultural capital, to what extent does shared knowledge affect one’s personal knowledge? Through different ways of knowing, I canRead MoreImpressions of the Meaning and Significance of African Religion745 Words   |  3 Pag esethnicity are deeply religious. African traditional religion is so much a part of the African traditional heritage that it is found in every aspect of life. Traditional religion for the Africans is the normal way of looking at the world and experiencing life itself. Therefore, as Mbiti interprets, A study of these religious systems is, therefore, ultimately a study of the peoples themselves in all the complexities of both traditional and modern life. (p.1). This statement, along with many othersRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of 1964843 Words   |  4 Pagestalented and diverse team of individuals offering an invaluable set of experiences, perspectives and backgrounds, but to enhancing this collaborative effort by creating a culture of ease, respect and appreciation. In the spirit of Peace Mantle’s corporate commitment to best practices in the area of diversity and inclusion, and the desire of its executive officers, supervisors and managers to implement these practices in order to experience the full value of an intelligent and diverse team, this policy briefRead MoreRocks of Ages by Stephen Jay Gould1499 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Rocks of Ages† is Stephen Jay Gould’s commentary on the conflict between secular scientists and religious believers who reject scientific theory when in it is disagreement with religious teachings about nature and origin of the natural world. Certain aspects of his argument hold true, but the application is impossible and still gives one magisteria a dominance over the other. While it is an accurate account of historical disagreements and critical views of well-known people, his argument is flawedRead MoreThe Book Learner Centered 1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe book is learner centered. The authors have based their ideas on the experiences of college students right from the date of enrollment in graduation year. In other words, the authors has provided some insights in the opinion of college students on how to share an educational experience with the next generation college students (Bell, McGrane, Anderson, Gunderson, 2011). Summary The book is divided into three main parts: academics and learning, navigating the institution, and survival strategies

Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Climate Risk Assessment and Adaptation Planning. Answer: Introduction: This paper entails the strategies employed to accomplish the risk adaptation and risk assessment organization for the Melbourne Town, Australia. The risk management outline is provided in accordance with the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009. Additionally, the study presents an evaluation framework for risk assessment. The evaluation framework is based on the Risk management structure of Melbourne city(Office, 2005). The town encourages a risk management methodology that is flexible. At such, it approves the framework modification to enable it fit in the context of decision-making. The project consultants in conjunction with the Climate Change Working Group and Risk Management worked to develop an evaluation framework to evaluate the risk of climate to the town. Primarily, the resultant context is based on the current risk organization of Melbourne city, whereas the modification validation, where constructed, are shown. Risk management refers to the method of analysing and defining risks to ease resultant decision to be made pertaining the necessary strategies with an aim of reducing risks(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The framework for Risk Assessment used in this plan is the one endorsed by the Australian Regime. The Department of Climate Change of Australia, formerly referred to as The Australian Greenhouse Office (AGO) s publication, provides methodology to carry out climate change risk assessment and adaptation planning based on the Paris Climate Agreement. On this framework, as shown in the table below, there are five key phases: Setting the context Risks identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk treatment Phases in Assessment of Risks Based on Paris Framework Stage Details Setting the Context Describing the scope of assessment and the defining of the organization or the business to be assessed. Clarification of the business objectives. Identifying stakeholders and their concerns and objectives Establishing the criteria for success Development of the key element Establishing pertinent assessment scenarios for climate change Risks Identification Describing and highlighting how climate change affect organizational key elements. Risk Analysis Evaluation of the government controls, reactions, and management in each risk situation. Evaluation of each risk effects against the objectives and success measures of the organization. Form an informed judgement concerning the likeliness of each highlighted consequence. Determining the risk level to Determine the organizational level of risks for each scenarios of the climate change applied in the analysis. Stage (Phase) Details Risk Evaluation Reestablishment of the judgements and other estimates. Highlighting risks based on their severity level. Highlighting inconsequential risks that can be put aside and which may make the management to lose focus. Screening out risks which require a more detailed evaluation. Identification of necessary options to adapt or manage the risks and their impacts. Risk Choose an option which is best and selection of the ideal options for future plans. The predominantly duty of risk assessment framework is to facilitate a defendable and systematic approach to risk management and adaptation. These approach is centered on the treatment of organizational risk(Aalst, 2004). The link between organization risk and climate change is depicted in the following figure: The climate change effects on an organization can be noted and treated through working by the consequences chains. It is significant to understand that the outcome is a tactical assessment of risk and adaptation plan, which is undersigned to give treatment recommendations that are spatially(Aalst, 2004). The stages of the framework for risk assessment are shown below: These part of the risk management determines the scope and the boundaries of the assessment, the framework of evaluation, and identifies the engagement strategy of the shareholders. The main activities achieved within this part comprises the following: The scope of assessment The Assessment Objectives Definition of likelihood scales Identification of the main elements Selection of relevant scenarios for climate change to be assessed Comprehensive identification of stakeholders The terminologies pertaining to risk assessment have also been identified to enhance an understanding of the language applied in this plan(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). This step output directs the other subsequent stages of this risk management plan. These guidelines are done through evaluation framework. Terminology Definitions Success Criteria The objectives and goals of a business Consequence Scales Describes the level of consequence to an organization of a climate change risk, should it occur Likelihood The chances of an event occurring Risk Priority The priority level associated with each combination of an impact And its likelihood The project focusses on topographical extent to the town of Melbourne. The project assessment assessed the dangers of climate change as a result of major climate variables change. The examination was a tactical assessment of climate risk to Melbourne city. A two-step methodology was recommended by (Office, 2005)to allow attempts to focus towards important issues. The first evaluation referred to as first pass quickly identifies and reviews risks, then plans for the treatment, then administers the treatment to the risk. The second stage, verifies if there is need for additional information to ascertain if the treatment is necessary and the type of treatment to be applied, as shown in the figure below The CCAWG took into consideration the series of climate change situations and the existing evaluation aim was to help in selecting A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) and A1B 50 th Percentile (2030). A1FI 50th Percentile (2070) Scenario was selected as the most suitable practice by local governments(Korsak, 2016). Other local governments that have applied A1FI 2070 include; EMRC, Murchison and WESROC. Establishment of evaluation framework for risk assessment application involves: Definition of the organization objectives; Establishment of measures of success against which the objectives of the organizations can be assessed. Definition of possibility measures. To achieve a transparent and consistent approach to risk evaluation, matrix evaluation is needed for every element. The elements of framework used in the present assessment adhere to the Melbourne Citys risk management structure (2011) and are illustrated in Figure above. The vision of Melbourne city is to provide responsive environmental friendly services to its people. The city, strives to improve and preserve its lifestyle and environment at the present and in the future(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The core values of Melbourne city are: respect, diversity, integrity, accountability and community participation. Measures of success are basically an outline of the long-term objectives of an organization (Office, 2005). Melbourne city success criteria are as follows; To attain strategic performance goals. Guarantee good public governance and administration. Sustainability and enhancement of natural environment Protection to existing community The four success standards were summarized under climate change risk evaluation into six broad success criteria; Service provision Property Financial (Costs and revenue) Environment People (Health safety) Community Lifestyle Social Value The success criteria were later modified. The changes include: Legislation was summarized under service provision of service Property damage was viewed as an important aspect of climate change and stood under the lone category. Environment and Financial continued to be consistent across all frameworks. People capture both broader community and the council staff. There was an addition of Community lifestyle and Social Value elements that had not been capture in the initial framework. Risk Management in Melbourne City follows a flexible standard, where there is modification of likelihood and consequence evaluation scales(Aalst, 2004). This is important because it ensures the changes are appropriate in relation to the assessment framework. This flexible measures makes sure that the parties involved can use suitable scales. Risk is usually demonstrated in terms of: Occurrence of an event; and Possibility of the consequence. A five-point scale in Table 3 is used to measure the likelihood consequence. Melbourne City Likelihood scale Level Description certain There is chances of happening regularly or its occurrence is certain. A clear opportunity already apparent, which can easily be achieved Likely Occurrence is noticeable or is likely to occur. An opportunity that has been explored and may be achievable Possible May occur or happens occasionally. Potential identified opportunity Unlikely Is not likely to happen or happens frequently. Opportunity that is not likely to happen. Rare Only occurs in exceptional situations. Opportunity that is very unlikely to happen. Key elements are responsible for providing a framework that helps in the identification of risk through splitting issues into various areas of emphasis and connect them to climate situations (AGO 2007). Key elements in this assessment were areas that were regarded to be risky. These include: Built environment Natural environment Emergency Management Recreation Community Business operations in the town were allocated key element actions. The process of assessing risk and adaptation plans were conducted with categorical emphasis on outcome integration with the current processes and systems in the City(Health and Safety Executive, 2015). The city comprises of 20 personal business operations all working under five Directorates as shown in the figure below: Directorates and business operations in Melbourne City LList Details 1 Chief Executve Officer Executive service b. Support from the government and support. 2. Designing and Development Regeneration of the urban and financial development. b. Planning of the city c. Approval d. Compliance and health 3. Infrastructure setting a. Engineering planning b. Engineering Processes c. and Reserves and Reserves d. Fleet and waste management e. Operations for building the city 4. Corporate a. Financial b. Corporate information and data services c. Management of Assets d. Human capital 5. Community Programs a. Library service. b. Marketing and communication services. c. Leisure and recreational Services d. Community programs e. Security of the community Furthermore, there was consideration of a spatial prioritization of risks. The city conducted a preliminary review of the spatial information that was available to update the risk assessment that was carried out during the Framework phase. The process entailed the distribution of the gathered information to all the members of CCWAG for population and deliberations with staff. With extensive deliberations with staff and Project Manager in all business operations, it was noted that there was existence of limited spatial information that was compatible to the spatial information system of the city(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Therefore, it was important to integrate this information with the future risk evaluation since that kind of information will be a useful resource, although this task was far beyond the existing assessment scope. A different method was used and hotspots risks were discovered during the risk evaluation attracting the participants to study th e area. The discovered hotspots will influence the adaptive measures implementation. By utilizing the spatial information system of the city, hotspots will be combined into useful spatial sections in relation to the decision framework. CCAWG was initiated to run the activities of risk assessment and adaptation planning. The CCAWG representatives are staff from Business Sections with experience or play a role in responding and managing climate risks The stakeholders objectives were to affirm the risk assessment outputs, and enhance awareness and ownership. During a full-day workshop with members of CCAWG there was implementation of stage (ii) to (iv) of the risk assessment. The members of CCAWG were split into two groups, the first group covered risks relating to the built environment and emergency management; the second group handled risks associated with natural environment, community and recreation. Both groups completed the following: Risk identification Risk analysis Risk evaluation Risk Treatment Risks Identification Risk identification entails reviewing effects of climate change and risks associated to the city. CCAWG, conducted the initial risks identification and drafted the outcomes using an Internal Discussion Paper that was prepared by Melbourne City. The gathered information was summarized into two sections, the first one was, impact and adaptation summary sheets and the second was the draft risk and adaptation register. These tools were implemented during the risk assessment practicum to establish the possible climate change risks that may accrue to the operations of local government This stage entails the establishment the repercussions of the occurrence of risk and the probability that the repercussions will occur(Young, 2016). Workshop members applied the evaluation matrixes described during the Set the Framework stage to examine the risks. Detailed discussions were conducted to allocate a consequence and possibility rating for every risk. Consequence was established through the assessment of effects of anticipated climate change on success measures or the objectives of the organization Council. The consequence scale Table 5 was used by the participants in the to allocate a range of consequence to every risk that was identified(Aalst, 2004). The consequence scales the initially established was based on was Risk Management Framework of the Citys, which was revised to summarize operational and strategic risks. The probability of the occurrence of consequence was established in relation to the understanding of the occurrence history and related effects along with the management plans put in place to control the risk (Table 7). A five-point scale that ranged from Almost Certain to Rare in Table 3 was used to ascertain likelihood(Young, 2016). In order to establish the current controls, the workshop participants examined the Summary Sheets and took into consideration a range of basic management measures such as: Management structures and systems Reporting Delegations Periodic reviews or audit plans Insurance Policies Training Procedures Contract conditions Design specifications Testing/Supervision Quality assurance/Monitoring Segregation of duties Rating the Control Effectiveness of Melbourne City Risk Prioritization To determine the level of risk prioritization for every climate change risk, identified, the evaluation of likelihood and consequence has been shown in Risk Matrix above. The risk prioritization outputs offer guidance on the relevance of treating the risk identified, and an entire method to treat the risk(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). The outline shown below the management actions and acceptability for each risk. Generally, instant treatment need to be conducted on extreme and high priority risks. Whereas, moderate and low priority risks can be set aside and be treated later. Management Responses and Action to levels of Risk/ Opportunity Risk Level Acceptability Management Action if the opportunity should be followed LOW Tolerated with the Risk is tolerable. Controlled proven, routine procedures/ current controls processes and be aware of changes to the type of risks Consideration should be put in place, opportunity to be pursued VERY LOW Tolerated with the Not likely to require resources allocation current controls Risks Evaluation After the prioritization of risk, the assigned risk levels were evaluated to enhance consistency. Basically the evaluation of risks phase entails the combination of likelihood and consequence reviewing to re-assess estimates and judgements to enhance consistency throughout the analysis. The ultimate output was the rating of the prioritized risks for the identified risks. According to the results of evaluation and analysis, there was need for risk treatment to the identified risk, leading to the last step which is Risk Treatment, Risk Framework. Adaptation planning was embraced amid the risk appraisal workshop. This enhanced a conclusion to-end assessment of risks. The computerized Risk Management Template adopted by the Melbourne City encouraged this procedure(Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017). Members were given directions to finish the adaptation planning, and thought starter adaptation choices were introduced in the Summary Sheets. Following the activities of adaptation measures to every risk, members re-assessed the risk need for 2030 and 2070, showing how much the alternatives treated the observed risk. While it is perceived that treatments will change after some time, adaptation planning and risk proceeds, the re-appraisal of risk at both time spans featured the potential requirement for extra measures in the more drawn out term(Young, 2016). Members in Workshop Group 2 discovered rating residual risk hard, given the intrinsic vulnerability in the adequacy of various versatile steps in treating the risk and the vulnerability in the expected level of progress. By and large, the hazard was marginally diminished or kept up, given that the activities would be executed in the short-term to control what might be a long lasting risk. Whereas residual risk valuable when considering the adequacy of activities to treat impending risk, it shows the utility of this task is decreased while reviewing the viability of prompt activities on future risks(Korsak, 2016). The certainty of viability must be expanded through observing and assessing activities to inform future versatile planning. This should remain the core interest. In the course of, the Set the Context meeting, the CCAWG viewed evaluative criteria as used in adaptation planning as shown in Table 9 and time spans for execution allocate adaptive activities as illustrated in Table 10. The criteria were allocated estimations of 1, 3 and 5 to upgrade separation amongst low and high boundaries to adaptive activity. The outcome was Clim ate Change Risk and Adaptation Register, containing the required rating of all risk and adaptation activities to treat high and outrageous priority risks. The register determined the role of execution and foreseen implementation timeframes. A meeting was conducted at the completion of the climate change risk assessment and adaptation-planning workshop to investigate the methods that could be integrated in the operational processes of the City. The selected mainstream, outcome integration ensured that the measures for adapting climate changes are formulated in the Citys current management processes(Korsak, 2016). This help in the reduction of effort duplication and ensured a coordinated methodology to climate risk management around the city. Participants were required to examine how the identified actions could be integrated into the business unit current operations and future planning frameworks. Discussion was conducted to identify departmental connections that could be useful in risk selection. The debate was based on the following question: What actions/task are required to take place in order to facilitate the execution of this risk management? What are the possible barriers in the integration process? How can those shortcomings be dealt with? The results were a preliminary approaches list for integration, which was then analysed and developed as an element of the adaptation approach. References Aalst, M. v., 2004. Mainstreaming Climate Risk Management into Development Planning, Utrecht: Utrecht University. Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, 2017. Climate Services and Safety Nets. [Online] Available at: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/flagships/climate-services-and-safety-nets [Accessed 29 8 2017]. Health and Safety Executive, 2015. Risk assessment, s.l.: s.n. Korsak, D. W., 2016. Planning for Enhanced Climate Risks: Aperspective from Military, Columbia: Columbia Law School. Office, A. G., 2005. Australias Fourth National Communication on Climate Change, Melbourne: Australian Greenhouse Office. Young, A. F., 2016. Adaptation actions for integrated climate risk management into urban planning: a new framework from urban typologies to build resilience capacity in Santos (SP). Open Access, 3(12), pp. 1-14.

After

After-School Care Essay Posner and Vandells article, Low-Income Childrens After-School Care:Are There Beneficial Effects of After-School Programs provides valuableresearch to support the need for quality after-school programs for low-incomechildren. Low-income children need after-school programs like UCLinks becausepoverty affects children directly because it limits the material resourcesavailable to them and indirectly because of the psychological distress itengenders in parents, which in turn negatively influences parentalbehavior.(1) The time a child spends after-school is also important totheir academic and social development. The quality and type of after-school carea child receives directly correlates to their performance in school and growthin academic abilities. The UCLinks program was created to offer low-incomechildren a quality, academic after-school program. In the UCLinks program, theyhave children develop their academic skills in language arts, readingcomprehension, off-computer activities, an d mathematics. The UCLinksafter-school program works on bringing the children up to grade level orfurthering their development. It does not serve as a homework center forchildren. Instead, the UCLinks program concentrates on fostering their academictalent in an organized environment. In Posner and Vandells article, theydocument research that promotes organized, academic after-school care,Childrens academic and conduct grades were positively related to timespent in one-to-one academic work, with an adult, whereas academic and conductgrades were negatively correlated with the amount of time spent in outdoorunorganized activities. (454) The children of the UCLinks program workwith a mentor in 1-1 or 1-2 setting, where mentors specifically focus onacademic areas they need to improve or help them develop their abilities to thefullest. 1B. The UCLinks program understands how important reading skills are tochildrens success in school. If children do not learn to read at grade level,they ha ve a greater risk of falling behind in class work and eventually droppingout. The UCLinks program uses a combined approach to reading instruction withwhole language and specific skills development. In each mentoring session of theUCLinks program, the mentors practice whole language instruction. Children havethe opportunity to read one on one with their mentor. Bill Honig advocates thisinteraction with the children, Teachers classroom routine should includereading good literature to students and discussing it with them, especially byasking questions that stretch childrens minds beyond the literal meaning ofthe text.(3) The active participation the children engage in while readingto their mentors is productive because the children are able to practicedecoding, automatic recognition of words, and improve their readingcomprehension. Mentors ask their students relevant questions about the book thatpertain to the plot, main points and theme of the story. The UCLinks programalso practices the specific skills development with their students. Specificskills development focuses on phonemic awareness, phonics, print awareness, wordstructure, and word-attack and self-monitoring skills. Honig recommends specificskills development, Students should be taught these skills in an active,problem-solving manner that offers plenty of opportunities to practice theskills in actual reading and writing situations.(13) Children work oncomputer software like Kid Phonics to develop these specific skills which willultimately help them read better. The children of the UCLinks program can alsospend off-computer time writing stories and poems which immerses them in printawareness and word structure. 1C. In Children, Mathematics, andComputers by D. H Clements, he writes It appears the dominant focusof school mathematics instruction in the last decade has been on computationalskills(which students are learning fairly well), but that the development ofproblem-solving skills and conceptual under standing has beeninadequate.(1) The focus on computational skills rather than theproblem-solving and conceptual understanding hinder the mathematical abilitiesof students. As math becomes more abstract, they do not have the required mindstate to solve problems with higher level concepts. The UCLinks program supportsthe teaching of relational mathematics, according to Skewer, knowing what to doand why, over rote learning with their students. The solid mental foundationrelational mathematics builds will increase the mathematical abilities of thechildren and help them problem-solve as math becomes more complex and abstract. .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .postImageUrl , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:hover , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:visited , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:active { border:0!important; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:active , .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd6da30ea27383eb49aa201a11e1b06c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hotel Occupancy Rates Essay The teaching of relational mathematics in the UCLinks program can be observedwith the use of pencil and paper, manipulatives, and computers to help childrenunderstand mathematical concepts and problem-solving. These practices arefurther supported in Clements article, National Council of Teachers inMathematics recommends that students be actively involved in learning,experimenting with, exploring, and communicating about mathematics.(4) Thedevelopment of childrens mathematical abilities increases when they actuallylearn the concepts behind the math problems and how to solve them on their own. The interaction children have with pencil and